Date of birth:

January 12th, 1852 (Rivesaltes)

Date of death:

January 3rd, 1931 (Paris)

Nationality:

French

March 1887: awarded the Médaille commémorative de l'expédition du Tonkin
1919: awarded the Commandeur de l'ordre de l'Étoile d'Anjouan
1922: awarded the Annam emperor Khải Định's jade scepter

Career:
1869: École polytechnique
July 1870: Sous-lieutenant, 8e, 4e and 21e régiment d'artillerie - bastion 39, La Villette
March 1871: École polytechnique
November 1871: 2e régiment du Génie, Montpellier
1872: promoted to Lieutenant, École d'application de l'artillerie et du génie, Fontainebleau
1874: 1er régiment du Génie, Versailles
1875: joined the Freemasonry, loge Alsace-Lorraine
1876: promoted to Capitaine and appointed to the fortification around Pontarlier, Jura
1883: Mont-Louis and Villefranche-de-Conflent, Pyrénées-Orientales
end 1884: sent to Extrême-Orient, Indochina
January 1885: Formose, Chilung, Tonkin
July 1885: Hanoï
January 1887: Ba Dinh
January 1888: China, Japan, USA
October 1888: cabinet du directeur du génie, Paris
1889: promoted to Chef de Bataillon and appointed to the 5e régiment du génie, Versailles
1891: instructor, École d'application de l'artillerie et du génie, Fontainebleau
October 1892: sent to Mali, French Sudan - Kayes, Bamako
February 12th, 1894: took part in the capture of Timbuktu
March 1894: promoted to Lieutenant-colonel and commandant de la région de Kayes-Tombouctou
March 1895: secrétaire, commission d'examen des inventions pour l'Armée, état-major du génie
1897: promoted to Colonel and sent to Madagascar to set up fortifications around Diego-Suarez Harbour
January 1901: back to Paris and promoted to Général de Brigade
April 1902: back to Diego-Suarez Harbour, Madagascar
April 1903: back to Paris as commandant, 19e brigade de cavalerie, Vincennes
January 1904: directeur du génie, ministère de la Guerre
1905: promoted to Général de division
1906: chef, 6e division d'infanterie, Paris
January 1907: inspecteur permanent des écoles militaires
May 1908: chef, 2e corps d'armée, Amiens
1909: grève des boutonniers de l'Oise - Méru
March 1910: member, Conseil supérieur de la guerre
July 28th, 1911: appointed chef d'état-major général and généralissime
1913: preparation of war "plan XVII"
August 02nd, 1914: Commandant en chef des opérations, Grand Quartier général
September 1914: victory of the Marne River
October 1914: appointed 134 generals who failed to Limoges
November 1914: victory in the Flandres
December 1914-1915: mitigated results in Artois and Champagne
February 1916: miracle of Verdun
July 1916: mitigated results of the offensive in the Somme
December 1916: Maréchal de France
April 1917: sent to the USA, mission Viviani-Joffre
May 1917: inspecteur général des troupes américaines
February 14th, 1918: entered the Académie française

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