Below, von, Otto Ernst Vinzent Leo (General)
- Date of birth:
- January 18th, 1857 (Danzig, Pomerania, Germany)
- Date of death:
- March 9th, 1944 (Rittergut Besenhausen, Friedland, Göttingen, Germany)
- Nationality:
- German
Biography
Son of the Prussian Generalleutnant Hugo von Below (1824–1905) and brother of Hans von Below (1862-1933)
15.04.1875: Sekondeleutnant - Füsilier-Regiment „von Gersdorff" (Kurhessisches) Nr. 80 - Preußischen Armee - Wiesbaden
1884-1887: Kriegsakademie
1889: Großen Generalstab
1890-1894: Großherzoglich Mecklenburgischen Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 89 in Schwerin
1894-1897: Ersten Generalstabsoffizier, Ia - 27. Division (2. Königlich Württembergische) in Ulm
1897: Major and Bataillonskommandeur - Füsilier-Regiment „Prinz Heinrich von Preußen" (Brandenburgisches) Nr. 35
1902: promoted to Oberstleutnant - Regimentsstab - Infanterie-Regiment „Markgraf Karl" (7. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 60 in Weißenburg - Elsass
04.1905: promoted to Oberst and Kdr - Infanterie-Regiment „von Courbière" (2. Posensches) Nr. 19 in Görlitz
03.1909: promoted to Generalmajor and Kdr - 43. Infanterie-Brigade - 22. Division in Kassel
04.1912: promoted to Generalleutnant and Kdr - 2. Division - Hauptquartier in Königsberg
02.08.1914: Kdr - I. Reserve-Korps - took part in the battles of Gumbinnen and Tannenberg
30.08.1914: promoted to General der Infanterie and Kdr - Korps during the 1st battle of the Masurian Lakes in Eastern Prussia
08.11.1914: Oberbefehlshaber - 8. Armee,
00.05.-00.09.1915: 8. Armee renamed 'Njemenarmee'
11.10.1916: Oberbefehlshaber der deutsch-bulgarischen Truppen - Saloniki-Front, aka Heeresgruppe „Below"
18.10.1916-1919: Chef - Lauenburgischen Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 9 - Ratzeburg
23.04.1917: Kdr - 6. Armee - Western Front
09.09.1917: Kdr - 14. Armee - Italian Front
24.10.1917-27.10.1917: Battle of Karfreit (ital. Caporetto - Isonzo))
01.02.1918: Kdr - newly created 17. Armee
00.03.1918-00.04.1918: Operation Michael-Offensive or Kaiserschlacht
12.10.1918: Oberbefehlshaber der 1. Armee
08.11.1918: Chef - Organisation des Heimatschutz West
28.12.1918: Kdr - XVII. Armee-Korps - Grenzschutz Ost in Westpreußen
27.06.1919: retired
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Eisernes Kreuz 2.Klasse (1914)
- Period:
- Second World War (1939-1945)
- Period:
- Second World War (1939-1945)
- Period:
- Second World War (1939-1945)
- Rank:
- General der Infanterie (Lieutenant-General of Infantry)
- Unit:
- Oberbefehlshaber, 8. Armee, 'Njemenarmee'
- Awarded on:
- February 16th, 1915
- Period:
- Second World War (1939-1945)
- Rank:
- General der Infanterie (Lieutenant-General of Infantry)
- Unit:
- Oberbefehlshaber, deutsch-bulgarische Truppe, Saloniki-Front, Heeresgruppe „Below“
- Awarded on:
- April 27th, 1917
- Period:
- First World War (1914-1918)
- Rank:
- General der Infanterie (Lieutenant-General of Infantry)
- Unit:
- Kdr, 6. Armee, 14. Armee,
- Awarded on:
- November 1st, 1917
Großkreuz zum Militär-Max-Joseph-Orden
- Period:
- Second World War (1939-1945)
- Rank:
- General der Infanterie (Lieutenant-General of Infantry)
- Unit:
- Kdr, 14. Armee, Italienfront
- Awarded on:
- November 4th, 1917
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