Stumbling Stones Ständehausstraße 2

Stolpersteine were installed in November 2013 for 11 members of the Baden State Parliament, representing political parties which were made illegal in 1933. The plaque at the top of the cluster states "They were members of the Baden State Parliament."

* Dr. Leopold Kullmann, born 1877, 1921-1925 / SPD [Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands], banned from his occupation 1933, deported 1940, Gurs, dead 20 January 1941.
* Julius Helmstädter, born 1879, 1932-1933 / SPD, arrested 1933, Ludwigshafen Prison, 1944 ‘Aktion Gitter,’ Dachau, dead 11 February 1945.
* Karl Grosshans, born 1881, 1919-1933 / SPD, ‘protective custody’ 1933 Heuberg / Kislau, 1944 ‘Aktion Gitter’ Natzweiler/Dachau, Mauthausen, freed 5 May 1945, died as result of detention.
* Leopold Rückert, born 1881, 1919-1933 / SPD, ‘protective custody’ 1933, Bezirks Prison, Karlsruhe, Gestapo - interrogation, dead 11 November 1942.
* Josef Heid, born 1882, 1929-1933 / SPD, banned from his occupation 1933, ‘protective custody’ 1933 Heuberg, 1944 ’Aktion Gitter’, Dachau, murdered 21 December 1944.
* Dr. Ludwig Marum, born 1882, 1919-1928 / SPD, ‘protective custody’ 1933, Kislau, murdered 29 March 1934.
* Dr. Guido Leser, born 1883, 1919-1921 / DDP [Deutsche Demokratische Partei], banned from his occupation 1933, forced to move 1936 to Berlin before deportation, killed himself 26 October 1942.
* Georg Lechleiter, born 1885, 1925-1933 / KPD [Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands], ‘protective custody’ 1933-1935 Ankenbuck/Kislau, arrested 1942 ‘Lechleiter Group’, 1942 Stuttgart Prison, executed 15 September 1942.
* Georg Reinbold, born 1885, 1925-1933 / SPD, fled 1933, Sopade [SPD in exile] - International Secretary, Saar area / Luxemburg, 1936 expatriated, 1940 France, 1941 USA, died in exile.
* Christian Daniel Nussbaum, born 1888, 1929-1933 / SPD, involuntarily admitted 20 March 1933 to Wiesloch Psychiatric Institution, murdered 25 June 1939. [See note below]
* Hermann Böning, born 1894, 1929-1933 / KPD, arrested 1933, for ‘preparation for high treason’, 1935 Bruchsal Penitentary, 1936 Hohenasperg [prison], died in custody, 2 October 1939.

Note: the stolperstein for Christian Daniel Nussbaum was removed in May 2017. The Karlsruhe Stolpersteine Coordination Group wanted the word "murdered" changed because the cause of Nussbaum’s death is unclear – syphilis, or murder inside the psychiatric institution where Nussbaum had been kept for 6 years. (Two weeks before Nussbaum's death, a letter from the Freiburg mayor can be interpreted as recommending "appropriate measures.") But the artist, Gunter Demnig, declined to change the text, claiming the final say in decisions about text. Another stolperstein for Nussbaum can be seen at Landsknechtstraße 9 in Freiburg.

"Aktion Gitter" was Himmler’s 1944 program to detain all SPD and KPD political party officials, current and past beginning in 1933. Trade unions were also included. Arrests, based on outdated lists, occurred on 22-23 August 1944 and detainees were taken to concentration camps in "protective custody." About 5,000 were arrested. Protests led to the release of some; many others did not survive.

"Stolpersteine" is an art project for Europe by Gunter Demnig to commemorate victims of National Socialism (Nazism). Stolpersteine (stumbling stones) are small, 10x10cm brass plaques placed in the pavement in front of the last voluntary residence of (mostly Jewish) victims who were murdered by the Nazis. Each plaque is engraved with the victim’s name, date of birth and place (mostly a concentration camp) and date of death. By doing this, Gunter Demnig gives an individual memorial to each victim. One stone, one name, one person. He cites the Talmud: "A human being is forgotten only when his or her name is forgotten."