Construction started in 1862 but was delayed by yellow fever outbreaks and tensions between the pro Confederate Key West population and the Federal Army. A hurricane in 1865 further delayed construction of both the East and West Martello Towers. Originally the plan had been for 9 forts but due to rising costs only Fort Zachary Taylor and two Martello towers were built No 1 West and No 2 East.
In 1950 the Key West Art and Historical Society restored the complex and opened a museum.
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