Stumbling Stones Marienplatz 31

These memorial stones (so called Stolpersteine of stumbling blocks) commemorate:
Friedrich Landauer and Betty Landauer
, murdered or disappeared in Riga.

The small copper plaques, in the pavement in front of houses of which the (mostly Jewish) residents were murdered by the Nazis, mention the name, date of birth and place (mostly a concentration camp) and date of death.

In many other cities, mainly in Germany, the memorials also can be found. There are already many thousands of these plaques and their number is still counting. Almost all Stolpersteine are laid by the German artist himself, Gunter Demnig.

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Source

• Text: Fedor de Vries
• Photos: Andreas Praefcke