Stumbling Stones Rubensstraße 33

These memorial stones (so called Stolpersteine of stumbling blocks) commemorate:
Betty Bier (born 1899, murdered in Auschwitz)
Dr. Julius Bier (born 1887, murdered in Auschwitz)
Paula Hirsch (born 1875, murdered in Auschwitz)
Klara Levy (born 1898, murdered in Auschwitz)
Manfred Levy (born 1928, murdered in Theresienstadt on 12-12-1943)
Siegmund Levy (born 1896, murdered in Auschwitz)
Berta Lewinsky (born 1882, murdered in Theresienstadt)
Dr. Josef Paul Lewinsky (born 1889, murdered in Auschwitz)
Bruno Marx (born 1912, murdered in Minsk)
Eva Marx (born 1938, murdered in Minsk)
Frieda Marx (born 1904, murdered in Minsk)
Mathilde Neukirchen (born 1872, murdered in Theresienstadt)

The small copper plaques, in the pavement in front of houses of which the (mostly Jewish) residents were murdered by the Nazis, mention the name, date of birth and place (mostly a concentration camp) and date of death.

In many other cities, mainly in Germany but also in other European countries, the memorials also can be found. There are already many thousands of these plaques and their number is still counting. Almost all Stolpersteine are laid by the German artist himself, Gunter Demnig.

For more information and pictures, please visit Stolpersteine in Cologne (in German).