Stumbling Stones Jonas Daniël Meijerplein 13

These small, brass memorial plaques (stolpersteine, struikelstenen, or stumbling stones) commemorate:

* Ephraim Izaäk Levie Rosenbaum, born 1913, arrested 31 March 1943, deported from Westerbork, murdered 23 April 1943 Sobibor.
* Johanna Frederika Suzanna Rosenbaum-Zion, born 1914, arrested 26 March 1943, deported from Westerbork, murdered 2 April 1943.
* Izak Michel Max Rosenbaum, born 1943, arrested 26 March 1943, deported from Westerbork, murdered 2 April 1943.

Ephraim Rosembaum, a pharmacist, and Johanna Zion married in 1940 and lived in Amsterdam. He was called "Eil" and she "Jo." Daughter Betty was born in 1941. After their second child, son "Maxje," was born in January 1943, Johanna managed to take both children out of Amsterdam. The Hageman family in Eibergen took Betty, and Johanna and the baby Maxje hid in nearby Neede. Then Ephraim was arrested and sent first to Vught, then to Westerbork punishment barracks. In Eibergen, someone informed on Johanna and Maxje, and they were sent to Westerbork. On 30 March 1943 they were deported to Sobibor and murdered. Three weeks later, Ephraim was also murdered in Sobibor.

Betty survived, protected by the Hagemans. After Jan Hageman was informed on, arrested, and executed in 1944, Jan’s wife Albertha continued to care for Betty along with her two children.

Stolpersteine for Ephraim’s parents – Izaäk Rosenbaum and Bertha Rosenbaum-Levie – are at Alexanderstraat 32 in Groningen, where they had moved when Ephraim went to university there.

"Stolpersteine" is an art project for Europe by Gunter Demnig to commemorate victims of National Socialism (Nazism). Stolpersteine (stumbling stones) are small, 10x10cm brass plaques placed in the pavement in front of the last voluntary residence of (mostly Jewish) victims who were murdered by the Nazis. Each plaque is engraved with the victim’s name, date of birth, and place (mostly a concentration camp) and date of death. By doing this, Gunter Demnig gives an individual memorial to each victim. One stone, one name, one person. He cites the Talmud: "A human being is forgotten only when his or her name is forgotten."

Borne was the first town in the Netherlands in which Stolpersteine were placed -- on 29 November 2007.

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Source

• Text: Anne Palmer
• Photos: Ruby Democh
• Joods Monument
• Yad Vashem: Last Letters from the Holocaust 1943
• Stolpersteine.eu