Promotions:
08.08.1910: k.u.k. Leutnant
04.08.1914: k.u.k. Oberleutnant
01.05.1917: k.u.k. Hauptmann
00.00.1925: Major (österreichische Bundesheer)
00.00.1929: Oberstleutnant i.G. (österreichische Bundesheer)
00.00.1933: Oberst (österreichische Bundesheer)
01.04.1938: Oberst i. G. (Reichsheer)
01.12.1939: Generalmajor
01.12.1941: Generalleutnant
01.12.1942: General der Infanterie
01.04.1944: Generaloberst
Career:
1906: Passed his Matura (= Abitur) in Wiener Neustadt.
1906–1907: Studied law and political science at the Universities of Wien and Lausanne.
1907–1910: Attended the Theresianische Militärakademie (through graduation/commissioning).
08.08.1910: Commissioned and assigned to 6.Kompanie / k.u.k. Infanterie-Regiment "Georg I., König der Hellenen" Nr. 99 (Base: Wien).
01.1914: Passed his entrance examination ("als Bester") for the k.u.k. Kriegsschule, but the outbreak of World War I prevented him from beginning the school.
28.07.1914–08.1914: Assigned to III.Bataillon / k.u.k. Infanterie-Regiment 99 (Base: Znaim) - 3. Kompanie.
08.1914-01.10.1914: Regimentsadjutant of k.u.k. Infanterie-Regiment 99.
01.10.1914-23.10.1914: Führer of 10.Kompanie / k.u.k. Infanterie-Regiment 99 in Galicia.
23.10.1914– 03.1915: Severely wounded, then hospitalized.
03.1915– 05.1915: Assigned to the Generalstabsabteilung of the Budapest-based 31.Infanterie-Division in the Carpathians, then hospitalized again (due to jaundice) in southern Hungary.
05.1915–08.1915: Assigned as a Generalstabsoffizier with the 27.Brigade on the Eastern Front.
08.1915–09.1916: Again assigned to 31.Infanterie-Division on the Eastern Front.
09.1916–1918: Assigned as a Generalstabsoffizier to the 34.Brigade in Italy.
1918– 11.1918: Assigned as a Generalstabsoffizier to XXI.Korps.
11.1918–12.1920: Studied law at the University of Wien.
11.1918–Summer 1919: Assigned successively to the österreichischen "Staatsamt für Heerwesen", the "Zensurstelle Feldkirch", the "Abteilung für Ein- und Durchfuhrbewilligungen" of the Finanzministerium, and the Kriegsgefangenenamt.
1920: Joined the österreichische Bundesheer.
12.1920: Awarded a doctorate in law (Dr. jur.).
From 10.1921: Instructor for Organization and Tactics at the Heeresschule in Wien.
1921-End of 1924: Assigned as a Bataillonsadjutant to Infanterie-Regiment 4.
Autumn 1923-Autumn 1925: Attended the Austrian Generalstabsschule.
1924–1930: Assigned to the Präsidialbüro of the österreich. Ministeriums für Heerwesen.
Summer 1930: Participated in maneuvers of the Swiss Army.
05.1932: Joined the illegal NSDAP-Österreich.
09.1934-12.1934: österreichischer Militärattaché for France and England (with his office in Paris).
12.1934-02.1936: Kommandeur of the "Schnellen Brigade".
02.1936: Transferred to the "zeitlichen Ruhestand" (temporary inactive list) due to his membership in the NSDAP-Österreich.
03.1938: Reactivated.
01.04.1938: Transferred to the German Reichsheer as an Oberst i. G.
01.04.1939–15.06.1940: Chef des Generalstabes of XVII.Armee-Korps.
15.06.1940–05.10.1940: Kommandeur of 14.Infanterie-Division. Succeeded Peter Weyer. Division redesignated 14.Infanterie-Division (mot.) with Friedrich Fürst as Kdr. on 05.10.1940, and 14.Panzer-Grenadier-Division on 30.06.1943.
05.10.1940–01.11.1942: Kommandeur of 52.Infanterie-Division. Succeeded Hans-Jürgen von Arnim. Succeeded by Rudolf Peschel.
01.11.1942–15.04.1943: Kommandierender General of XXXV.Armee-Korps. Succeeded Rudolf Kämpfe. Succeeded by Friedrich Wiese.
14.08.1943-24.06.1944: Oberbefehlshaber of 2.Panzerarmee (ending date per www.axishistory.com; Andreas Schulz gives 25.06.1944). Succeeded Walter Model and succeeded by Franz Böhme.
25.06.1944-15.01.1945: Oberbefehlshaber of 20.Gebirgs-Armee (ending date per www.axishistory.com; Andreas Schulz gives 26.01.1945). Succeeded Eduard Dietl. Succeeded by Franz Böhme.
18.12.1944-08.01.1945: Wehrmachtsbefehlshaber Norwegen. Succeeded by Franz Böhme.
15.01.1945–27.01.1945: Oberbefehlshaber of Heeresgruppe Kurland. Succeeded by Heinrich von Vietinghoff-Scheel.
27.01.1945-10.03.1945: Oberbefehlshaber of Heeresgruppe Nord. Succeeded Heinrich von Vietinghoff-Scheel. Succeeded by Walter Weiss.
10.03.1945-25.03.1945: Oberbefehlshaber of Heeresgruppe Kurland. Succeeded Heinrich von Vietinghoff-Scheel. Succeeded by Carl Hilpert.
26.03.1945-07.05.1945: Oberbefehlshaber of Heeresgruppe Süd.
14.04.1945: Ordered the creation of as many "fliegende Standgerichte" (flying courts martial) as possible in the region of Oberdonau.
02.04.1945-08.05.1945: Oberbefehlshaber of Heeresgruppe Ostmark (dates per www.axishistory.com; Andreas Schulz gives 01.05.1945 – 07.05.1945). Only holder of this post.
Postwar Prosecution & Activities:
07.05.1945: Surrendered to U.S. Army troop in Austria, then interned.
19.02.1948: Tried by the U.S. Military Trinunal Nürnberg ("Southeast Case", No. VII) and sentenced to 20 years’ imprisionment.
01.02.1951: Sentence reduced to 10 years’ on 01.02.1951.
16.12.1951: Released from U.S. War Criminals Prison No. 1 at Landsberg am Lech / Bayern
He then lived in Seewalchen am Attersee / Österreich.
1958: unsuccessful candidate to succeed the deceased Anton Reinthaller in the office of Bundesobmann der FPÖ.
Published Works:
"Aus dem Abgrund in die Gegenwart" (year of publication unknown)
"Gekämpft, gesiegt, geschlagen" (1952)
"Gefährliche Grenzen der Politik" (1954)
"Soldat in stürzenden Reichen" (1965)
Do you have more information about this person? Inform us!